Rubber rollers are machine parts consisting of an inner circular shaft or tube covered with an elastic compound. The inner shaft is made of steel, aluminum or other strong, rigid material composites. On the other hand, the outer layer is usually made of polymers, such as polyurethane, silicone, EPDM, neoprene and natural rubber.

Rubber rollers utilize desirable properties of elastomers, such as impact strength, vibration damping, compression and deflection, wear and chemical resistance, high coefficient of friction and controlled hardness. In contrast to metal rollers, these properties make them suitable for handling manufactured goods without damaging the items or themselves. In addition, rubber coverings can be reassembled or repaired to extend their service life; in most cases, with less time and investment than metal core repair. They are the machine part of choice for applications requiring high surface durability and low to medium hardness. With proper rubber compound design and engineering, rubber rolls can withstand reduced forces from mechanical and thermal factors.

Rubber rollers are used because rubber has an elasticity that no metal can provide. Metals can corrode, scratch, dent and crack, which can easily and often occur. In addition, the texture and hardness of metals can scratch and damage any media they come in contact with. Other materials such as fiber-reinforced composites can provide better quality, but are more expensive and less readily available. They are not readily available and are usually more expensive. Rubber rollers are the most economical way to go, while providing longer roller life and unique physical and psycho-mechanical properties.